Outcomes
		
		
		
		
	
	
			
			
	Future Directions
- Greater use in formative assessment
 
- Greater use in other educational contexts outside higher education (e.g. secondary, professional)
 
- Include enhancements from research (e.g. normalisation adjustment)
 
- Use by students for summative assessment of group and individual task (rather than simply process)
 
- Use in product evaluation
 
- Use in real work and simulated business contexts to enhance teamwork
 
		 
		 
	
				
									
						
	Society
- Promoting collaboration is unlikely without completing the feedback loop
 
- SPARK is one tool for supporting self and peer assessment, especially with large classes, that enables the feedback loop to be closed
 
- Generic kit/template easily adapted to any group assessment context
 
- Guidelines for good practice developed including requirements for success
 
					 
					 
								 
			 
					
									
						
	Department
- Failure possible if poorly communicated or supported
 
- Mainstream academics reluctant unless robust
 
- Top level support aids development and completion
 
					 
					 
								 
			 
					
									
						
	Staff
- Improves approaches to teaching & learning 
 
- Increased dialogue about and engagement with pedagogical issues
 
- Positive effect on curriculum development 
- Requiring academics to allocate assessment criteria to different attribute categories had strong potential to influence curriculum development. 
- Academics report being challenged to reflect on the design of their assessment tasks to produce assessments that actually develop and demonstrate desired attributes.
 
- Challenged to design assessment tasks that have components that contributed to the attribute categories relevant for their subject.
 
- Design assessment tasks to more thoroughly test a student’s application or ability to combine and apply requisite knowledge rather than just testing this knowledge itself.
 
 
 
- Allows innovative assessment tasks to be implemented even in large classes without undue academic burden
 
- Careful choice of assessment criteria allows virtually any discipline and / or generic attributes to be assessed and their development promoted.
 
- Improved attitudes    
- Satisfaction that students assessment promotes teamwork development
 
- Greater comfort in confidentiality of process
 
- Greater comfort in accuracy of adjustments since no double entry of data
 
 
- Attitudinal challenges    
- Technical hiccups concern students especially if assessment related
 
- Different disciplinary contexts have different tacit assumptions affecting implementation
 
 
- Improved productivity    
- Time saved in data collection, collation and calculation
 
- Reduced errors in application of self & peer assessment
 
- Optimal if staff & students already online, if focus on developing collaboration not just reducing free-riders and if well-communicated, supportive technical environment
 
- Ability to re-use and apply in any context
 
 
- Improved approaches to teaching& learning    
- Increased dialogue about pedagogical issues
 
- Increased integration with academic developers
 
 
					 
					 
								 
			 
					
									
						
	Students
- Promotes the development of generic attributes including reflection, critical evaluation, ability to give feedback,  interpersonal and teamwork skills
 
- Allows fairer assessment of group work activities
 
- Promotes collaboration  , peer learning  and  develops judgement
 
- Aligning assessment categories to competencies required for Professional Accreditation adds value
 
- Attribute tracking increases student engagement
 
- Students can use results collected in their e-portfolios to demonstrate their competence to prospective employers, especially in regard to generic attributes of which development is rarely if ever assessed.
 
- Multiple layers (Kirkpatrick 1994) includes reactions, learning, behaviour/skills, organisation      
- Improved attitudes and satisfaction      
- sense of fairness restored
 
- complaints of 'unfair' reduced
 
- greater ownership in assessment
 
- deeper engagement
 
- no effect necessary if already a team player
 
 
- Improved learning      
- peer learning opportunities enhanced
 
- awareness of key components of groupwork
 
- reflective learning promoted
 
 
- Improved capabilities and improvements needed      
- team collaboration
 
- interpersonal skills
 
- reflection attributes
 
 
 
- Extract from Freeman & McKenzie (2002)